Introduction The Irrigation, artificial watering of land to keep the plants growing, was once used for commercial applications only (eg. Farms, golf course, soccer field).
Domestic irrigation was largely confined to the use of garden hoses. This Engineering Report will be focusing on and explains why the irrigation techniques in domestic horticulture today are so widely spread. Synopsis I remember once when I was young, I saw farmers have to water their plants a bit at a time under the hot sun when it’s summer and has to carry a large load of water on their backs! Also to houses as well, In these days, no everyone has time to host their backyard everyday, it is waste of time and also waste a lot of water, because it is very hard to control the amount of water you use each time. It is not accurate too, it is very difficult to water the backyard with the same amount of water equally spread.
But the development of the irrigation system has helped us a lot and gave us a lot of advantages. There are a few irrigation methods used for different areas, and they are, flood, furrow, sprinkler and drip irrigation, but I will concentrate on the sprinkler system in this report. The sprinkler contains a lot of different parts for it to function properly and correctly. The main parts are the controller (timer), the sprinkler (spray head), the pipe and the valves. In the next section of my report, I will discuss in detail of what they are, how are they used and what are the latest models for each of the components.
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Research Pipe The pipe of course is to deliver water. It is to be attached to the valves on one side and attached to the spray heads on the other. It comes in different sizes also, and the best way to connect them is to: “Use 1″ pipe from the water meter (connect direct) to the solenoid valves. Use 1″ pipe from the valves to the first two heads, and then use 3/4″ pipe until you get to the last two heads. If they are small spray heads, use 1/2” pipe to feed both heads.
If they are rotors, feed the last head with 1/2″ pipe.” Controller (timer) This component automatically control valve and sprinkler operation. Usually mounted inside on the garage wall. Can be mounted outside with an optional outdoor cabinet. “Any brand timer with 24 volt output will work just fine.” The latest model in the market is the: ECx Series Expandable Timers. Rain Switch This is component that conserves water by interrupting watering during rainfall.
Sprinkler (spray head) This is probably the most important of the whole system. It is to spray the water out widely across the field that you want to be host. There are several different types of spray heads. 1. Fixed Spray sprinklers produce a tight, constant fan of water, and it is ideal for small lawn and ground cover areas. There is also a Pop-up models pop up above grasses and disappear when not in use.
2. Multi Stream sprinklers. Produce thin streams of water that slowly rotate to ensure the whole area is host for medium-size lawn and shrub areas. 3.
The Single Stream sprinklers. It can cover large lawn areas mostly very well. Valve The valve in the sprinkler is to control the flow of water in the pipe. In these days, it has been developed to electric valves. It is more compact and more efficient than other valves.
“The new anti-siphon Toro valves are unlike any you ” ve ever seen before. Not only are the valves in this new 3/4″ family smaller and more efficient, but our new, flow-through design cuts friction loss and turbulence, enabling them to outperform others.” Conclusion The irrigation system is widely spread through in people’s homes today is because it makes life a lot easier than before, no one has to care what time they have to host their backyard. Once a timer is set, the sprinkler system will automatically be turned on, and it automatically turns back off when finish, very accurate. It definitely won’t forget as well. It is fast and very powerful, one spray can cover a very large area, do not have to worry about how to spray equal amount of water in a particular area. It saves a lot more water, because the valve controls how much water should be delivered each time.
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Also the Rain detector, it stops the system as soon as it detects rain, so you won’t be wasting water on a rainy day. Although this is a very great development of our irrigation system, and there are a lot of advantages to it, but there are perhaps some difficulties to it. One reason is because it is very expensive to get a system to be correctly set up, and it takes a lot digging and setting underground. There are a lot of ONLINE SELF-INSTALL courses, but I don’t think it is easy enough for a person to set it up all by himself. Eg.
web > Analysis: Pipes: There are 2 main pipes used. The PVC pipe and the polyethylene pipe. The PVC pipe is black, hard and rigid. But it can be more flexible when plasticizer is added.
The polyethylene pipe is harder and can be used for over a longer period, because it is not as easy to be damage by the constant sun shinning on to it as the PVC does. Controller (timer) The controller is probably the most handy to use, because it can organize the time you need to water your back yard, and turns it off automatically. It is very ergonomic to users because people do not have to worry when to do it themselves. A normal controller can is about 24 volt, not a very big amount power needed. The bad thing is not everyone understand how to use electronics like this, if one day it doesn’t function, you don’t know when you can get it fixed up. Rain Switch This is also very ergonomic for people, because this prevents the over usage of water.
You don’t need to host your garden if it is raining outside! It detects the water amount in the air to determent whether is it raining out side. If rain is detector, it will turn the system off. Sprinklers 1. Fixed Spray This kind of spray is very good for small areas and it can cover them really well. It is because of the 360 degrees spray heads, the bigger the heads, the bigger the circle it can cover. Another feature is the a pop-up model, it can be hidden underground when not used, but pops up again when it is the time to start.
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2. Single Stream This is often used for large areas only eg. Soccer fields. Because it can cover a very far distance, but only in one direction. A spring is often added to make it swing around to cover a bigger radius. This needs a lot amount of water.
2. Multi-Stream This is similar to the fixed spray, but cover a larger area. It produces many streams of water at the same time, and can cover a pretty big area. It is very effective because it covers the area very well.
