Study Guide operant conditioning is a form of learning in which a person changes his behavior because of the results of his behavior. Skinner Box Example of Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning is a form of learning, which states that a person changes his behavior because of the results of his behavior. The result of acts can be reinforcement, punishment and extinction. Positive reinforcement’ (Reinforcement) occurs when there is a reward for a form of behavior. Negative reinforcement (Escape) occurs when an aversive stimulus is removed.
Positive punishment occurs when a stimulus is added, which results in the behavior occurring less often. Negative punishment occurs when a stimulus is taken away, which results in the behavior occurring less often. Operant Conditioning ? Operant conditioning is a form of learning. According to this theory, a person changes his behavior because of the results of his behavior. extinction ? the action of making or becoming obsolete or discontinued. Operant conditioning Operant conditioning is a form of learning. According to this theory, a person changes his behavior because of the results of his behavior.
The result can be: Reinforcement: a positive or rewarding event which causes the behavior to occur more often. Punishment: a negative or punishing event which causes the behavior to occur less often. Extinction: no event follows; the behavior has no consequences. When a behavior has no consequences, it will occur less frequently. Four Contexts of Operant Conditioning Within operant conditioning, the terms “positive” and “negative” are not used in their common or popular sense; positive means that something is added, and negative means something is taken away.
The Essay on Operant Conditioning: Positive And Negative Reinforcement
Operant Conditioning is a process of behavior modification in which the likelihood of a specific behavior increased or decreased through positive or negative reinforcement each time the behavior is exhibited, so that the subject comes to associate the pleasure or displeasure of the reinforcement. An early theory of operant conditioning was proposed my Edward Thornlike, he used instrumental ...
Positive reinforcement’ (Reinforcement) occurs when there is a reward for a form of behavior. This will increase the frequency at which the behavior occurs. In the Skinner Box experiment, the reward is in the form of food when the rat presses a lever. Negative reinforcement (Escape) occurs when an aversive stimulus is removed. This will increase the frequency at which the behavior occurs. In the Skinner Box experiment, there was a loud noise, which was removed when the rat pressed the lever.
Positive punishment occurs when a stimulus is added, which results in the behavior occurring less often. Example stimuli may be loud noise, electric shock (rat), or a spanking (child).
Negative punishment occurs when a stimulus is taken away, which results in the behavior occurring less often. An example might be a child’s toy taken away after the child does an undesired behavior. Summary: 2. Operant Conditioning It is the basic process by which an individual’s behavior is shaped by reinforcement or by punishment. A good example is the study by Pedalino & Gamboa (1974).
To help reduce the frequency of employee tardiness, the researchers implemented a game-like system for all employees that arrived on time. When an employee arrived on time, they were allowed to draw a card. Over the course of a 5-day workweek, the employee would have a full hand for poker. At the end of the week, the best hand won $20. This simple method reduced employee tardiness significantly and demonstrated the effectiveness of operant conditioning on humans. Source: http://www. studymode. com/essays/Examples-Of-Classical-Conditioning-Operant-Conditioning-609191. html
