Seafood and Depression There have been studies that conclude that there is some relationship between food intake and mental health. The stress you endure, and how you deal with it differs in many ways. There is evidence that the more seafood college students eat the lower level of depression they experience. Researchers have two different inventories for depression. The Beck depression inventory is a leading depression inventory, and the new inventory is the Wilsonson’s Depression Scale (Wilsonson, Gofendorfer, & Brazleton, 2002).
The results of both tests were identical. The Wilsonson Depression Scale proved to be more simple to administer and faster to complete and score (Wilsonson et al. , 2002).
This study, as well as others (Arbor, Dolfin, & Pecanhead, 2003; Black, Marsh, Roberts, Kickerback, Duey, Freeberslager, Williamsonson, & Friday, 2004; Smith & Hold, 2004; Thompson, 2004; Wilsonson, Gofendorfer, & Brazleton, 2002) have shown that when seafood intake is high your depression level is lower. One study examined the relationship between eating different foods to include seafood and depression (Arbor, Dolfin, & Pecanhead, 2003).
The Essay on “Europe and the Great Depression of the 1930s” – Study Notes
The Great Depression of the 1930s was a result of World War I. Germany had to pay off war debts to France and Britain, but in the meantime, they borrowed money from the U.S. There was a chain connecting everyone, and when Germany finally failed to pay France and Britain, the chain of money stopped. France and Britain could not pay the U.S. back, and the stock market crash ensued shortly ...
In this particular study, the groups took the Wilsonson’s Depression Scale before and after the participants divided into three groups and put on one of three very strict diets.
Results of the study showed a significant difference in the levels of depression after being on the diet. A different study, (Black, Marsh, Roberts, Kickerback, Duey, Freeberslager, Williamsonson, & Friday, 2004) examined elderly people and gave them tests on personality, depression, and kept a journal of food intake for over three weeks. The Black (2004) study broke into two groups. One group said that they ate seafood at least six times a week and the other group only three or fewer a week. The Smith and Hold (2004) study was made up of 1000 elderly people living in the South. All the participants took personality tests and depression scales and kept food journals for six weeks.
After the six-week study, the researchers cross-referenced the journals, personality tests, and depression scales. The Thompson study (2004) is a little different from the others. In this particular study, a group of teenage couples in the Central United States was given Beck’s Depression Inventory in 1985, 1992, and again in 2004. After the test, all the couples moved to the Gulf Coast and a mass marriage took place, and they lived in homes exactly alike. The men became anglers and women learned to be chefs. The couples could not prepare or consume anything that was not seafood during the entire study.
All the couples had identical homes, incomes, and cable service. All the couples had to redo the depression inventory in 1992, and in 2004. There is a text that verifies all of this information these studies have concluded. The Smith and Hold (2004) text is said to be the best source of information on food intake, and emotions. The text bases its explanations and treatments on the theory that the food we consume effects our emotions. Theories mention in the text that it is important to eat a well balanced diet to include seafood at least six times per week.
This text, like the studies, said the more seafood consumed the lower levels of depression people would have and above average well-being. All of these studies have found that your diet affects your feelings and mental state. This research is to prove for a relative fact that the more seafood college students consume the less depressed and unhappy they will be. MethodParticipantsOne-hundred undergraduate students enrolled in classes at Northwestern State University, and all are Psychology majors in their first year of study participated in this study. The study had an equal number of men and women. The participants varied in race with the majority being European-American (N = 50), Hispanic-Americans (N = 28), and African-Americans (N = 22).
The Term Paper on Group Theory Participant Material
From the beginning of time it has been evident that as humans we function better in groups than individually (Joining pg. 4). The Cro-Magnon's discovered early in time that they were more efficient and productive working in groups than when working independently. Once they pooled their resources, people, and knowledge the possibilities were endless. Until I read the text Joining Together, I had ...
Participants ranged in age from 17-20 years old. Materials This study used the Wilsonson’s Depression Scale for pre- and post test measurements of depression (Wilsonson, 2002).
The Wilsonson scale is ten questions that consist of true or false assessments of depression (Wilsonson, 2002).
Participants earn one point for every ‘True’ response.
The total scores range from 0 (No Depression Symptoms) to 10 (Severe Depression).
The second questionnaire was the Beck Depression Inventory. A study used this questionnaire three times, once in 1985, 1992, and 2004 recording each result separately. The total scores range 1 (Worst Ever) to 10 (Symptom Free, No Problems).
Procedure One-hundred undergraduate students agreed to participate in this survey. Participants knew before hand that their completion of the experiment would earn them 5 bonus points in their Psyc 2430 Intro to Experimental Psychology course.
After informed consent, the Wilsonson’s Depression Scale would take place in a large, well-lit classroom on the first floor of Bienvenue Hall on NSU campus to all one-hundred participants. For the pre-test, the average score is equal to 5 for both groups. After the pre-test, for experimental purposes, the participants separated into two equal size groups. One group (treatment group) eats a well-rounded, balanced diet that includes seafood 7 times per week.
The other group (control group) eats a well-rounded, balanced diet that excludes seafood. All the variables are constant for six weeks with the exception of treatment (i. e. diet).
After the six-week period, all participants took the Wilsonson’s Depression Scale a second time.
The Term Paper on The American Diet
"You are what you eat", goes a famous saying. And if that is truly the case, then a lot of Americans would appear to be unhealthy, chemically treated, commercially raised slabs of animal flesh. And while that is not a particularly pleasant thought, it is nonetheless a description of the typical American omnivore who survives on the consumption of Big Macs and steak fajitas. But there are ...
When the post-test was completed, the scores were not the same. Scoring The studies will be scored by using the Wilsonson Depression Scale (Wilsonson, 2002).
The highest score possible was a 10 and the lowest score was a 0. The scores falling between 0-3 suggest little to no signs of depression, 4-6 indicates a moderate level of depression consistent with a normal reaction to stressful life conditions, and 7-10 suggests severe depression. Results and Discussion An analysis of the research reveals that there is a relationship between depression and eating seafood. The following tables will show the results of each study.
Seafood Study Diet Result Seafood diet (treatment group) 0 (No depression symptoms) Non-seafood diet (control group) 5 (Moderate level of depression) Table 1: Seafood study. Arbor, Dolfin, & Pecanhead’s Study Diet Result Tropical fruit and berries 9 (10 = Severe depression) Chilidog’s 5 (Moderate depression) Seafood 0 (No depression symptoms) Table 2: Arbor, Dolfin, and Pecanhead’s six-week study. Black Study, Smith & Hold Study, and Thompson Study Diet and Intake Amount Results Seafood diet 6 or more times a week Lowest on feelings of depression Fruits and vegetables Higher than average on feelings of depression Table 3: Three studies showing that having a seafood rich diet reduces depression. All of these studies have one thing in common. In all of the studies the participants whose ate seafood had no signs of depression versus those who did not eat seafood tended to have a higher level of depression. In order to ensure that these findings are accurate, future research will be conducted on depression and consuming seafood.
The results of this study are limited to a few studies and factors that need further addressing. Increasing the size of participants and the number of studies involved, this particular study could improve and the results would be overwhelming. The studies presented have revealed that there is some relevance to depression and eating seafood. This study is a contribution to the growing intrigue and research on depression and its links with consuming seafood. These findings will be helpful to many people who are directly or indirectly involved with people who are struggling with depression.
This research could be a major breakthrough in curing depression without the use of drugs. References Arbor, T. T. , Dolfin, J.
The Essay on Specific Purpose To Persuade My Audience To Eat A Healthy Diet
Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to eat a healthy diet I. Introduction 1. Attention Getter: When you think of someone happy, successful, beautiful which image comes to your mind? An image of someone tired, overweight, sweaty, who is sitting in front of TV with a bowl of potato chips and a large glass of cola? Probably not. Most of us visualize a healthy person as someone who is active, ...
J. , & Pecanhead, B. K. (2003).
Positive correlation between seafood consumption and feeling of emotional well-being among retirees. Journal of Geriatric Medicine, 2 (6), 45-59.
Black, J. , Marsh, J. H. , Roberts, F.
, Kickerback, S. , Duey, P. , Freeberslager, S. , et al. (2004).
If it looks like a crawdad then it probably is: People who eat shellfish and their psychological make-up. Journal of Bottom Feeder Feeders, 19 (23), 34-46. Flynn, E. , & Pokey, H. (2003).
What are they thinking: Monkey minds dissected.
Journal of Monkey Business, 12 (9), 55-98. Phillips, B. , & Brenham, S. (2002).
How does that make you feel: Monies react to psychotherapeutic questioning [Electronic version]. Journal of Mental Health, 7 (6), 147-157.
Smith, B. , Blowhard, J. , Hardin son, B. P. , Sherman, B. , Ebert, R.
, Knight, P. , et al. (2004).
Feeling blue: The impact of color wheels on adult children of monkeys. Journal of Mental Health, 2 (4), 115-153.
Smith, B. P. , & Hold, A. (2003).
I like fish, do you? New York: USA Psychological Associates, Inc.
Smith, B. P. , & Hold, A. (2004).
Psychophysiological effects of eating seafood. American Journal of Psychiatry, 3, 240-257.
Smith, Bill P. , & Hold, A. (2005).
Who likes fish? Characteristics of people who love and hate seafood [Electronic version]. Journal of American Psychology, 3 (2), 34-37. Thompson, C.
(2004).
Consumption of seafood associated with lower levels of depression: Longitudinal study involving fishmongers and fishwives [Electronic version]. Journal of American Psychology, 5, 123-134. Wilsonson, B. , Gofendorfer, C. B.
, & Braz elton, W. F. , III. (2002).
Development and implementation of the Wilsonson’s Depression Scale. Psychology Bulletin, 122, 117-137.
