Introduction
The development of a new computer system starts with the analysis of a particular business problem that IT can solve and ends up with the newly developed computer system being tested and put into place.
First you need people to investigate and analyse the business problem – it could be setting up a booking system for a chain of hotels, or a new payroll system for a large company, for example and then design a system which can handle the task. This stage of the process is called systems analysis and design.
This will be a report on the aspects of being a member of a software development Team. What qualifications are required to be a member, be it a programmer, a systems analyst or a project leader? What are the roles that each of these members undertake to make up a software development team? Just how important teamwork is to complete tasks, whether large or small, within this field.
Programmer
If software (a computer program) needs to be written, or a program that’s already available needs adapting that’s when people with programming skills become involved.
Computer programmers write instructions for the computer in a language it can understand. There are different kinds of programmers, specialising in different aspects of programming. Programmers need to be able to think in a logical, detailed and careful way.
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Computer operations are controlled by programs to ensure fast and efficient completion of tasks they are required to do. Programmers may research, design and write these programs in an appropriate language for the operating system. Some work involves disseminating higher languages into a form that can be used by other systems and hardware. There are many, many types of program, ranging from familiar applications used on PC’s to programs that control and supervise the use of other applications on systems. Some programmers may specialise in applications whilst others may work on specific areas of control application.
As a computer programmer, you design and create the software tools that make computers tick and computer users sail through their tasks. You analyse, design, develop, test and maintain computer and Internet-based applications. You evaluate the project requirements, participate in design meetings, determine the best solution to a problem or feature and develop detail design specifications. You use development tools and programming languages in creating software. You identify and obtain the best tools and resources to do the job. You are also responsible for documenting your work for those who follow in your footsteps. And, of course, you have to ensure your work functions properly by developing a test plan and co-ordinating user acceptance testing. Some projects demand a year or more of intense, focused work. You stay on top of current trends, tools, and skills. With your creativity and problem solving abilities, the challenge is the reward-the career opportunities are endless. Programmers are able to plan, structure, develop and test programmes as well as improve existing programs. Having an in depth knowledge of how particular applications and requires programmers to provide supporting information for technical support workers.
Systems Analyst
As a computer or systems analyst, you are responsible for overseeing the development process for new software and hardware. Systems analysts may design either new hardware systems or software products. The following summary applies mostly to program design, but similar steps would also be applicable to hardware or operating system design. Systems Analysts are essentially involved the interpretation of business or organisational needs related to IT and converting those needs into fully-fledged systems of hardware and software.
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Evaluating problems: The first step is to pinpoint the nature of the problem by discussing it with managers and other users. Through this interview process, the analyst establishes the goals of the new program so that it can be designed to do what users want it to do.
Designing solutions: The analyst plans the design and structure of the new program in the form of step-by-step instructions. Each step of the process must be specified, including the data to be used, input and output files needed, mathematical and logical operations to be performed, etc.
After developing the design for the program, systems analysts prepare flow charts and other diagrams that show the flow of data (flow charts are used to track data through an organisation as well as through a computer program).
The analyst may also prepare a cost-benefit analysis to help management decide whether the proposed programming project is financially feasible and provides sufficient value to make it worth undertaking.
Once the project is approved, analysts specify the particular files and records used by the program, determine the sequence of processing, and design how the output will look so that it meets the user’s needs. Other issues that a systems analyst may address include: how the system will function on a network, the security of data, compatibility with existing systems and design of the user interface. After the program is written, the analyst oversees the testing and evaluation process and makes sure that all (or most) of the bugs are corrected.
In a smaller organisation, a single programmer-analyst may handle both program design and coding. Computer Assisted Software Engineering (CASE) tools are now used extensively to automate much of the programming process, making it easier for a knowledgeable programmer to fill both functions in software development.
Because the possible uses of computers are so varied and complex, analysts usually specialise in either business, scientific, engineering, or microcomputer applications. They are found in the computer industry and in the data processing departments of large organisations such as banks, insurance companies and universities.
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The analyst plans and designs the system for the user or customer, and oversees its development and installation. After this they will provide on going support and evaluation, making the necessary modifications if necessary. In the long term the Systems Analyst will be responsible for updating, upgrading and enhancing the system to meet future requirements of overcome obsolescence.
The analyst is involved in the full lifecycle of software development, from design, through build, to system test. To develop in a range of up-to-date languages such as Java, Visual Basic, XML, DHTML and technologies such as Web Application Servers, Active Server Pages, Windows NT, UNIX, Oracle, ATG Dynamo, BAE Weblogic, Blue Martini, Verity and Autonomy.
Project Leader
As in most areas of life there has to be a leader, someone who puts it all together, someone to hold it all together and someone to take the blame when it all falls apart. Here enters the project leader, the person who knows what has to be done and just how to do it. The Project Leader is responsible for the design and development of the project. They have to have good technical skills as well as a broad view of developments in the software environment.
The project leader has to: Manage the stages of a given task. Manage the allocated manpower and machine resources that are available to him and the team. Control and direct the team during development. Prepare the plans and documentation of progress to management. Make sure that the overall design and installation criteria are fully realised. Obtain approval for all of the project’s phases from the employers. Contribute to the planning and co-ordination of a group’s work. Assist the working process of a group by helping resolve conflicts. When appropriate, take a leadership role, setting direction and winning the commitment of others
Teamwork
When you work in a software development team it is important to remember teamwork is essential if the job is to be carried out effectively and on time.
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It is a must that you: Establish a good rapport with others and work effectively with them to meet an objective or complete a task. Work with the rest of the team members to complete the given task. Always make your contributions to the planning and coordination of the teams work. Recognise and understand the actions, attitudes and beliefs of the other members. Assist the working processes of a team by resolving conflicts that may arise during a task. Recognise the strengths of the others and encourage them to contribute.
Summary
There is no single path to becoming a computer professional. The key requirements are that you have the right knowledge, skills and experience for the job, coupled with the right attitude and aptitude. Qualifications are an important part of demonstrating your capabilities. While a bachelor’s degree is often required, there are many other recognised academic and vocational qualifications, which can be achieved, in full or part-time study over days, weeks or years. In addition, IT companies such as Microsoft, Cisco, Compaq, Novell and others offer specific certifications in their products. These technical certifications are becoming a common way to measure a level of competency in prospective employees. Many people develop computer skills while working in other fields. Entry-level employees enhance their employment opportunities by participating in internships or other work experience schemes. Having a related background in a prospective employers industry, say financial services, banking or accounting is also beneficial and a commitment to the continual study of new technologies is necessary to keep skills current
