A superconductor is an element, inter-metallic alloy, or compound that will conduct electricity without resistance below a certain temperature. When it comes to the uses of superconductors, there are several different ways for them to be used. Magnetic-levitation is an application where superconductors perform extremely well. Transport vehicles such as trains can be made to “float” on strong superconductors magnets, virtually eliminating friction between the train and its tracks.
An area where superconductors can perform a life-saving function is in the field of biomagnetism. Doctors need a non-invasive means of determining what’s going on inside the human body. By impinging a strong superconductor-derived magnetic field into the body, hydrogen atoms that exist in the body’s water and fat molecules are forced to accept energy from the magnetic field. They then release this energy at a frequency that can be detected and displayed graphically by a computer. An example of this could be a MRI, which stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This type of test was actually discovered in the mid 1940’s.
Probably the one event, more than any other, that has been responsible for putting “superconductors” into the American lexicon was the Superconducting Super-Collider project planned for construction in Ellis county, Texas. Though congress cancelled the multi-billion dollar effort in 1993, the concept of such a large, high-energy collider would never have been viable without superconductors. High-energy particle research hinges on being able to accelerate sub-atomic particles to nearly the speed of light. Superconductor magnets make this possible.
The Essay on Superconductors Magnetic Levitation Property Of Superconductor
... well, such as transportation. The magnetic-levitation property of superconductors mentioned earlier allows transport vehicles ... conduct electricity without resistance (loss of energy flowing through the material) below a certain ... a superconducting material will repel a magnetic field. A magnet moving by a conductor ... (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) so that doctors do not have to invade the human body for ...
Another use of superconductors is in electric generators made with superconducting wire are far more effeicient than conventional generators wound with copper wire. In fact, their efficiency is above 99% and their size is about half that of conventional generators. General Electric has estimated the potential worldwide market for superconducting generators in the next decade at around $20-30 billion dollars. Other commercial power projects in the works that employ superconductor technology include energy storage to enhance power stability. An idealized application for superconductors is to employ them in the transmission of commercial power to cities. However, due to the high cost and impracticality of cooling miles of superconducting wire to cryogenic temperatures, this has only happened with short “test runs.”
The most ignominious military use of superconductors may come with the deployment of “E-bombs.” These are devices that make use of strong, superconductors devired magnetic fields to create a fast, high-intensity electro-magnetic pulse (EMP) to disable an enemy’s electronic equipment. According to various estimates, the worldwide market for superconductor products is projected to grow to near $90 billion by the year 2010-and $200 billion by 2020. This is, of course, contingent upon a linear growth rate. Should new superconductors with higher transition temperatures be discovered, growth and development in this exciting field could explode virtually overnight.
Superconductors, materials that have no resistance to the flow of electricity, are one of the last great frontiers of scientific discovery. Not only have the limits of superconductivity not yet been reached, nut the theories that explain superconductor behavior seem to be constantly under review.
The type 1 category of superconductors is mainly comprised of pure metals that normally show some conductivity at room temperature. They require incredible cold to slow down molecular vibrations sufficiently to facilitate unimpeded electron flow in accordance with what is known as BCS theory. Type 1 superconductors-also known as the “soft” superconductors-were discovered first and require the coldest temperatures to become superconductive. Ironically, copper, silver, and gold, three of the best metallic conductors, do not rank among the superconductive elements in the type 1 category.
The Essay on High school Violence
Violence is clustered within a relatively small percentage of locations, with about 60 percent of the violence occurring in 4 percent of the schools. This is about four times higher than would be expected based on national rates of crime. High schools are grouped by the nature and level of crimes occurring in the school. Four patterns emerge from this grouping: 1) No Crime, 2) Isolated Crime, 3) ...
Except for the elements vanadium, technetium, and niobium, the type 2 category of superconductors is comprised of metallic compounds and alloys. The recently-discovered superconducting “perovskites” belong to this type 2 group. They achieve higher Tc’s than type 1 superconductors by a mechanism that is till not completely understood. Although, other recent research suggest that hole of hypocharged oxygen in the charge reservoirs are responsible.
Now, to let you know who created superconductors and what year these useful things were created. In 1911, superconductivity was first observed in Mercury by Dutch, physicist, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University.
