1) Introduction
Through out history, as man progressed from a primitive animal to a
“human being” capable of thought and reason, mankind has had to throw
questions about the meaning of our own existence to ourselves. Out of those
trail of thoughts appeared religion, art, and philosophy, the fundamental
process of questioning about existence. Who we are, how we came to be,
where we are going, what the most ideal state is……. All these questions had
to be asked and if not given a definite answer, then at least given some idea
as to how to begin to search for, as humans probed deeper and deeper into
the riddle that we were all born into.
As time passed, the works of many thinkers and artists added up and it
became inevitable for the people who wanted to find some answers to the
ancient question, the question of existence, to trace back to the times of
the older thinkers to get an idea as to what we have been thinking about as
an important source for reaching the goal. Also, for the people who want to
study the ways of the people back in history, it is equally important to make
a study of the thinkers and artists of that time in order to define the
characteristics and personality of that age. So, as the goal of this report is
to find out what the people of ancient western world thought in view of the
The Essay on Question People One Moral
Philosophy originated from the Greek language. It is made up of two words: "philbin " which means to love and "sophia" which means wisdom. There are three fundamental questions in the field of philosophy which are referred to as the Existential Concerns." What can I know", "What ought I to do", "What is the meaning of life and my place inthe universe" These complex questions are discussed in the ...
concept and relationship between the human and the divine, it is inevitable
for us to also look into the thoughts and arts of that time.
2) Cicero and Virgil
In the works of Cicero, we see him asking questions about social
responsibility, about what it is that gives value to a human life. Cicero
conveys to us his belief that it is most natural for a person to show the
most defined characteristics such as magnanimity, and loftiness of the soul,
and courtesy, etc. , and that because of this, it is only true for a person to
take on the responsibilities of this world with this kind of attitude in tact.
He tells us why we must not live only for our own advantage; because it is
against our nature as humans to do so, because without the basis of this
human characteristics, the whole human society would fall apart. The qualities
we value most in our fellow human beings are the most natural to us because
they were endowed to us from the gods so that the race of human beings
and the human society could go on existing. We can know this from his words;
“People who argue like this subvert the whole basis of humans community
itself – and when that is gone, kind actions, generosity, goodness, and justice
are annihilated. And their annihilation is a sin against the immortal gods. For
it was they who established the society which such men are undermining.”
Cicero’s belief in the natural goodness of the human race was stead-fast
because he believed that it was endowed to us from the gods.
In Virgil’s “Pollio”, which christians believed to have prophesied the birth of
Christ, we can see what he thought of the conditions of the human race of
The Essay on Human and Race
Race is a complicated issue in our society today and many people can get “race” and racism confused. The word “race” means something different to everyone, and is such a common topic that it affects everyone from all walks of life on a daily basis. In Kwame Anthony Appiah’s essay “Race, Culture, Identity: Misunderstood Connections” he believed that there should be no “race” and that there is no ...
his time and also of what he thought the coming of god will do for the good
of his people. Virgil percieved the humans race as being in the “Iron Age” (In
Ovid’s “Metamorphoses”, we see the concept of humans becoming more and
more dirtied as they moved though time from the “Golden, Silver Ages”, to the
” Bronze, Iron Ages”), the age of corruption which the coming of “Pollio” will
disinfect for us. He writes, “Time has concieved and the great sequences of
the Ages starts afresh. …… With him, the Iron Age shall end and the golden
Man inherit all the world. ….. And it is in your consulship, yours, Pollio, that
this glorious Age will dawn and the Procession of the of the great months
begin. Under your leadership all traces that remain in our iniquity will be
effaced and, as they vanish, free the world from its long night of horror.”
Through this, we can know that Virgil believed in the power of “Pollio” to
restore and to guide the human race to its rightious state.
In both Cicero and Virgil, it is obvious that they thought the highest
qualities of humans to be our most natural state because it was endowed by
the gods to be so, and that if there was corruption in the human world, the
divine powers would restore them because it is the will of the gods to form
and maintain the human race and society. Their belief in the human race came
from their faith in god.
3) Egyptian and Greek Art
When we look at Egyptian paintings, we see that the drawings do not quite
describe objects as they actually are. When a man is drawn, his face is
turned sideways but his shoulders and body are facing the front while the
foot is turned sideways. This strange way of drawing is called the “Á¤¸é¼ºÀÇ
¿ø¸®( I’m sorry, I don’t know what that is in English)”. What the Egyptians
were trying to achieve through the use of this method was to present the
parts of the object which most clearly shows its characteristics. For
instance, the characteristics of a man’s face is most distinctly shown when it
is turned sideways, and the body’s when it is turned towards the front, and
The Essay on The Of Art In The Age Of Mechanical Reproduction
Works of art have always been reproducible, through imitation. Mechanical reproduction characterizes a new period in reproduction, with new limits and repercussions. Each new technology employed in the production or reproduction of art increased the speed with which they could be done so. Lithography allowed for multiple images from one original, keeping up with the happenings of everyday life, ...
so forth. The Egyptians don’t seem to have been interested in drawing
objects as they actually were. When they drew, they analized the visual
information of the object so that they could present its most distinct
characteristics in the form of visual generalization. For them, the important
thing was to catch the essence of the object. In this sense, it can be said
that for them, art was a form of abstract vision.
On the other hand, the Greek arts had a very different personality. Their
starting point was to realize actual beauty in art. That was why they
searched out the “golden proportion”, in order to achieve the most beautiful
in art. They weren’t just trying to describe how things looked like; they were
trying to present gods’ greatness that went far beyond the limits of
humanity. In other words, while their art was earthly, it was only so because
they were trying to realize the best in the earthly things so that they could
be more close to the intentions of the divine powers.
4) Christian Thoughts; The Hymn to Charity, and The Good Samaritan
The “Hymn to Charity” stresses on the importance of love. It tells us the
personality of love and why it is so important that we all cherish this in our
ways of living. Love is what brings out the most superior characteristics of
human beings because it is what brings us closer to the design of the Divine
One. The intentions of God is always good and honorable. If we bring
ourselves to follow that intention, then it is inevitable for us to act out the
spirit of love always.
The “Good Samaritan” stresses on social responsibility and the need of
love, justice and magnanimity for the social responsibility to be realized. When
God made humans and the human society, it was not in his purpose to let it
go corrupt as it did. His intention was the realization of the Good and the
Truth. If the humans are to follow him, then we must make the best human
characteristics come out and let it aid us in making society as it was willed
to be. The good in us was put there by God to realize what He thought to
The Essay on A History of Human Art and Body Painting
If the impulse to create art is a defining sign of humanity, the body may well have been the first canvas. Alongside paintings on cave walls visited by early people over 30,000 years ago, we find handprints, ochre deposits, and ornaments. And because the dead were often buried with valuable possessions and provisions for the afterlife, ancient burials reveal that people have been tattooing, ...
be ideal and therefore, it is out duty to use that goodness in us in order to
follow his ideal.
These two examples taken from the Bible show us clearly what the early
christians thought as the relationship between the human and the divine.
5) Conclusion
As we have seen from the examples of Roman thinkers, Egyptian and Greek
art, and early christian thoughts, the early western thoughts and arts, which
became the founding steps of the western world, had its own particular way
of seeing the connection between the Divine and the Human. For them, the
qualities we most value in a human being was put in us by the divine powers
so that humans could live in accordance with God’s original design. Therefore,
the good in us are perfectly natural and it is only right that we have it
within us. And also therefore, it is our duty to act out our goodness in the
form of “love” so that we can live in harmony with God’s will.
6) References
Bibliography
1. ÁøÁß±Ç, ¹ÌÇÐ ¿Àµð¼¼ÀÌ1, »õ±æ, 1994
2, Anthony, Classical and Biblical Backgrounds to Western Literature, Sogang
University Press, 1996
