West Civ Study Guide chap. 28, WWI
1. Who were the Allied Powers and the Central Powers?
The Allied Powers consisted of Portugal, France, Italy, Ireland, Great Britain, Albania, Greece, Serbia, Romania, Belgium, Monte-Negro, and Russia. The Central Powers consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.
2. What were the major causes of the war?
a. Rivalry between major nations over colonies, b. nationalism, c. militarism, d. the alliances
3. What was the spark that stared the war and what was the chain reaction that followed?
The major spark that started the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Bosnia. The chain reaction that occurred after the assassination was that the Allied and Central Powers declared war on each other.
4. What was the Schleiffen Plan?
The Schlieffen Plan was a war strategy that German General Alfred von Schlieffen drew up in 1905. Germany’s main problem was that it had enemies in both the east and the west. Schlieffen assumed, however, that Russia would be slow to mobilize. As a result, Schlieffen believed that the Germans could reach Paris and defeat the French in six weeks and then move on to the Eastern Front and fight against Russian forces.
5. What were the some of the new weapons used during WWI?
A few were the German U-boat, the tank, mustard gas, and the machine gun.
6. What was trench warfare?
By early 1915 the war on the Western Front had turned into a deadly war of attrition, in which each side tried to wear down the other side by constant attacks. To protect themselves, soldiers on both sides dug trenches, or ditches. Eventually, two parallel trenches stretched for about 500 miles in an unbroken line from Switzerland to the North Sea. Land mines and barbed wire protected the area in front of each trench. The desolate area that separated the two sides, which could vary from a half a like to a few yards, was known as “no-man’s-land.” Soldiers lived in the trenches for weeks at a time, fighting boredom and terror. They endured cold, mud, rats, and disease. To attack, the soldiers charged “over the top” of their own trenches and ran across “no man’s land” to the enemy’s trenches. As attackers struggled through the barbed wire, their opponents mowed them down with artillery and machine guns.
The Essay on World War I Powers
During World War I many different types of weapons were utilized by both the Allied and Central powers. Some were variations on older models of weaponry, and others were totally new inventions created to aid in the wartime effort. Most of the new weapons were used as killing machines in trench warfare, which was practiced during World War I, while others were employed as tools of espionage, ...
7. What were the significant battles?
Some were the Battle of the Marne, The Battle of the Somme, and the battle at Verdun.
8. Submarine warfare
The Germans eventually found a new way to counter the British blockade and to wear down British sea power. They instituted a policy of submarine warfare. At first, German submarines, or U-boats, struck only warships. In 1915 they also began to strike civilian and commercial ships without warning, disregarding all rules of naval warfare. In London, William S. Sims introduced the idea of convoy. Under this system, merchant ships crossed the Atlantic in clusters surrounded by a small number of warships for protection.
9. *Russia exits from the war-
By 1917 the Russian army was starving and had few weapons. The common people were starving. The Czar was blamed for this, and he had to abdicate. A temporary government was set up and revolutionary groups struggled to take over. Lenin was a Bolshevik, and they started a revolution and Lenin came into power. In January 1918 Lenin took over and ended Russian involvement in WWI.
10.The American war effort-
The American entry into the war raised allied morale. It also gave the Allies much needed resources, both industrial and human. The Americans threw themselves into the war effort.
11.The Versailles peace conference-
The Treaty of Versailles, the most important treaty of the Peace of Paris, spelled out the details of the allied settlement with Germany. Lloyd George and Clemenceau prevailed in their goal to punish Germany. Militarily, the treaty reduced the German army and banned conscription and the manufacture of major war weapons.
The Term Paper on The Turning Point of the American Civil War: Battle of Gettysburg or Siege of Vicksburg?
The American Civil War, also known as the War Between the States, was a brutal onslaught between the Union (the North) and the Confederacy (the South) originating in the fractious issue of slavery. The ruthlessness of this war, mostly fought in the South, lasted from 1861 through 1865, where the Confederacy was ultimately defeated, slavery was abolished, and the extremely difficult process of the ...
12.Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Point System-
President Wilson brought with him to the conference his 14 Point Plan. Wilson believed that you should not blame anybody, it was important to put an end to all alliances, to form the League of Nations (a group of leaders from all countries that get together and discuss problems), to remove all trade barriers on the sea, to reduce the size of all the countries militaries, and all countries involved in this treaty should have self-determination.
13.Effects of the war-
Economic depression hit Europe after the war. Governments went bankrupt, and there were severe causalities.
14.Countries created out of the Central Powers-
Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.
Outline for chapter 28 in Western Civilizations book
