Types Of Towers
Aeolos provided three types of towers for different model wind turbines: Guyed tower, Lattice tower and Mono tower. Each tower has its own advantage and disadvantage in the cost, efficiency, installation and maintenance. So it is difficult to say which one is the best tower for a wind turbine system. You may choose the package of our recommend tower and wind turbine or choose the tower according to your local situation.
Aeolos Wind Turbine Guyed Tower:
Guyed tower was made by narrow steel pipe and supported by guy wires. It is usually used for 500w to 5kw wind turbines. The height of guyed tower is usually from 6m to 18m.
Advantage: the lowest cost solution and easy installation.
Disadvantage: not easy climbable for inspections or repairs. Require more land than mono pole tower.
Aeolos Wind Turbine Lattice Tower:
Lattice towers were made by welded steel profiles. It is usually used for 3kw to 20kw wind turbines. The height of lattice tower is usually from 12m to 36m.
Advantage: Medium cost solution and easy maintenance.
Disadvantage: Perceived unattractive and not easy to delivery.
Aeolos Wind Turbine Mono Tower
Mono pole tower also named free standing tower. It was made by steel pipe with a free standing design. It was used for 3kw to 50kw wind turbines. The height of mono tower is usually from 12m to 36m.
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What is Wind Energy? Wind Energy is defined as an alternate source of generating electricity. Wind Energy is energy obtained from moving air. The motion of wind results from the heating and cooling of the earth. Wind power is used from a wind turbine, and electricity is generated by its magnetic fields. It is normally turned into useful energy by the action of wind currents on moving surfaces, ...
Advantage: Good look and best quality
Disadvantage: Most expensive solution and not easy to maintenance.
Note:
Local rules may impose height restrictions to wind towers: rules imposing maximums of 40 or 60 feet / 12-18 meters are common, which may have a negative impact on the electric power generated by wind turbines. Pay attention to local rules before you choose Aeolos wind turbine towers.
wind turbine towers: height and Types
The same small turbine can increase its power output by 30% or more if the height of its tower is 30m/100 feet instead of 18m/60 feet.
The turbine towers are an important element of any wind system (except in the experimental urban micro-wind systems).
Wind speed increases sharply with the tower height, causing a major increase in the electricity output of the system.
Mega turbine towers
The mega turbines towers of the wind farms are made of tubular steel, and are rather standardized, though their height depend on specific site conditions.
In the Texan Snyder Wind project, in Scurry County, the 21 Vestas V90 3.0 megawatt wind turbines are mounted on 345 feet (104 m) towers, because the better wind conditions are at that height. That’s a record, but usually the height of the towers and the dimensions and capacity of the turbines are intrinsically associated.
Micro turbine towers
As expected, micro turbines dispense complex or tall towers. Towers are most of the time just a mere pipe of 2” diameter or less.
Small turbine towers
The case of small wind systems (more than a 1KW) is less simple, with several types of towers and different heights and configurations: guyed towers and non-guyed towers, cylindrical/pipe and lattice configurations, etc.
Their installation should be done…
– far enough of obstructions, and on the top or on windy hill sides: see Wind Turbines Location;
– with enough room to raise and lower the tower for maintenance and stabilization.
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Guyed small cylindrical Towers
Many small wind turbines use narrow pole towers (pipe, tubing) supported by guy wires. It’s a cheap solution, though with some disadvantages: they aren’t easy climbable (for inspections or repairs) and require more land than self-supporting towers, due to the guy wires.
Non-guyed cilyndrical towers
Non-guyed tilt-up/cylindrical towers use pipe or tubing and a self-supporting design. They do not use guy wires and have a small footprint. These towers can include climbing pegs but are a relatively expensive type of tower.
Lattice configuration
Lattice towers use welded steel profiles and are a cheap and tested solution. Most lattice towers aren’t guyed, but there are also guyed configurations: three legged lattice structures suspended on all three sides by guy wires. They are usually climbable.
How to calculate the optimum height of a small wind tower
The height of a small turbine tower should take into account the height of the surrounding obstacles: to attain maximum efficiency, the height of the tower should allow the bottom of the turbine blades to be 10 meters (30 feet) or more above the top of any obstacle within 100 meters/300 feet of the tower.
However, the tower height depends also on the turbine model and characteristics. Towers and wind turbines are often supplied together, and manufacturers demand their turbines to be mounted on their towers.
Local and state rules
Local rules may impose height restrictions to wind towers: rules imposing maximums of 30 or 40 feet / 9-12 meters are common, which may have a negative impact on the electric power generated by wind turbines. Pay attention to local rules.
Types of Wind Towers
There are many types of wind towers on the market today. They vary in size and structure and are designed to support wind turbines of different size and output. Here is a quick description of the different types:
• Guyed Tower – A guyed tower is one which is held in place with guy wires. The tower itself is often just a long steel pole which is 30 to 100 feet tall. There are usually three or four guy lines made of steel cable which run from the top of the tower to guy anchors on the ground which hold the tower in place. The anchors are usually set into a concrete base in the ground or held in place with augers that have been drilled into the ground. Guyed towers are often the least expensive type of wind tower and are often an excellent choice for a small residential scale wind turbine. The one thing you have to consider is that a guyed tower needs considerable space because the guy wires extend well beyond the base of the tower.
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The Petroleum Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Department of Mechanical Engineering MED Project I Fall 2010 MEEG 490 Final Report: Designing and building a wind turbine Mentor: | | Kamal E. Amin | Instructors: | | Sai Cheong Fok | | | Lyes Khezzar | | | Isoroku Kubo | Names | | ID Number | | Signature | Ali Ashraf Mohamed | | 92001-3226 | | | Mohamed Ahmed Radwan | | 92001-2857 | | | ...
• Guyed Tilt-Up Tower – This is a type of guyed tower which has a pivot joint at the base of the tower so one can easily raise the tower initially or lower it to do maintenance on the turbine later. These type of turbines are one of the best options for residential scale wind turbines. They can cost slightly more than a traditional guyed tower but can greatly reduce the hassle of setting up the turbine and maintaining it. As with all guyed towers you need to have plenty of space both for the guy wires and so the tower can be laid down for maintenance.
• Freestanding Lattice Tower – This type of tower is made of wood, steel or aluminum lattice work. The classic wooden windmill used in the old west for pumping water is a good example of a wooden lattice tower. Today most lattice towers are made of steel for strength. Because this type of tower cannot be laid down it will usually include a built-in ladder so that someone can climb the tower to do maintenance on the turbine. The latticed frame includes many structural supports and so is usually extremely sturdy and holds up well in high winds. Latticed towers usually cost more than guyed towers because they use more steel but they have the advantage that they take up less space. This makes them ideal for more urban locations where there may not be space to put up a guyed tower. They also work well in areas with very high or uneven wind conditions because of their structural strength.
• Freestanding Tubular Tower – This type of tower is constructed as a large tube often tapered at the base. On most of the larger towers of this type there is a ladder in the inside of the tube so that a worker can climb the tower to do repairs and maintenance on the turbine. Most large commercial scale turbines use this design. As the commercial wind industry has grown tubular towers for turbines in the 3 megawatt to 5 megawatt range have become quite large and tall. Currently the tallest wind turbine in the world is in Lassow, Germany and is 673 feet tall. Typically, commercial wind towers are between 200 feet to 360 feet high and large enough to hold a huge turbine. Taller towers generally means stronger wind, and because even a slight increase in wind speed can have a large impact on power production it makes economic sense for commercial towers to be quite tall.
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A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind, also called wind energy, into mechanical energy in a process known as wind power. If the mechanical energy is used to produce electricity, the device may be called a wind turbine or wind power plant. If the mechanical energy is used to drive machinery, such as for grinding grain or pumping water, the device is called a windmill ...
• Floating Tower – A floating wind tower is an offshore wind turbine mounted on a floating structure that allows the turbine to generate electricity in water depths where bottom-mounted towers are not feasible. In most cases the wind turbines are held in place by wires or chains attached to weights on the ocean floor. One advantage of mounting turbines at sea is that the wind is strong and not disrupted by any terrain features. This makes the wind flow steadier and causes less wear on the turbine. The electricity generated is sent to shore through undersea cables.
Floating wind turbines are a relatively new invention and are still very much in the development stage. There have been only two operational floating wind turbines used to farm wind energy over deep-water. Blue H deployed the first floating wind turbine 113 kilometers (70 miles) off of the coast of Italy in December, 2007. It was then decommissioned at the end of 2008 after completing a planned test year of gathering operational data. The first large-capacity, 2.3 megawatt floating wind turbine is Hywind, which became operational in the North Sea off of Norway in September, 2009 and is still operational. One reason that floating wind towers are being investigated is that by relocating wind farms into the sea there is less visual pollution as opposed to placing them just offshore. Also, depending upon the location they may be me less likely to obstruct sea traffic than towers near shore locations.
Types of towers
The following types of towers are available. However concrete and steel towers are much more common than steel lattice towers:
• Steel towers usually consist of two to four segments.
• Concrete towers with climbing formwork are constructed on site and make transport and fitting easier (called in-situ concrete.) But great care must be taken at significant heights and in winter.
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• Pre-cast concrete towers. Here the segments are placed on top of one another on site and braced with steel cables in the wall.
• Steel lattice towers are very common in India, but can also be found in other countries, like in the USA (western mills) and in Germany.
• Hybrid towers consist of components of the above-mentioned types of tower.
• Guyed poles are very common in small wind generators, as on the one hand they are light and on the other can be set up without a crane.
2. Foundation
The foundation fixes the wind generator into the ground. In order to guarantee the stability of the wind generator, pile foundations or shallow foundations are constructed depending on how stable the subsoil is.
• Plate foundations/shallow foundations: Here a large reinforced concrete plate under the earth forms the footing of the generator. It is one of the most commonly used types of foundation.
• In pile foundations, the foundation plates (plate foundations) are fixed with piles into the earth. This is particularly necessary in soft subsoil.
Uetersen wind farm, Germany.
Foundation of the wind turbine is completed.
© Bundesverband WindEnergie e.V.
The following foundations are used offshore. At the moment a lot of research is still being done and tried out here.
• Gravity foundations are often used and placed on the sea floor. These, huge concrete weights for example, are so heavy and stable that they do not need any more fixation to the sea bed.
• Tripod: Here the wind generator is put on a tripod. The piles below the tower are connected with a steel frame that distributes the tower’s forces over three steel piles, each of which are fixed approx. 10 – 20 metres deep in the sea bed.
• Bucket foundation: This consists of a steel cylinder open towards the bottom which gave it its name. First of all the cylinder is placed on the sea bed and then pumped out. The negative pressure generated inside the foundation presses the foundation into the ground. The material at the bottom of the inside of the cylinder supports the foundation and fixes it to the sea bed.
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• Monopile: Here a single mast, a steel pile with a diameter of approx. 4 metres, is sunk into the sea bed. Depending on the bed, the monopile is driven approx. 10 – 20 metres deep into the sea floor.
