The milgram experiment. The three people involved were: the one running the experiment, the subject of the experiment a volunteer, and a person pretending to be a volunteer.
These three persons fill three distinct roles: the Experimenter an authoritative role, the Teacher a role intended to obey the orders of the Experimenter, and the Learner the recipient of stimulus from the Teacher. The subject and the actor both drew slips of paper to determine their roles, but unknown to the subject, both slips said “teacher”. The actor would always claim to have drawn the slip that read “learner”, thus guaranteeing that the subject would always be the “teacher”.
At this point, the “teacher” and “learner” were separated into different rooms where they could communicate but not see each other. In one version of the experiment, the confederate was sure to mention to the participant that he had a heart condition. The “teacher” was given an electric shock from the electro-shock generator as a sample of the shock that the “learner” would supposedly receive during the experiment. The “teacher” was then given a list of word pairs which he was to teach the learner.
The teacher began by reading the list of word pairs to the learner. The teacher would then read the first word of each pair and read four possible answers. The learner would press a button to indicate his response. If the answer was incorrect, the teacher would administer a shock to the learner, with the voltage increasing in 15-volt increments for each wrong answer. If correct, the teacher would read the next word pair.
The Term Paper on Visual Spatial Learner Problems Dyslexia Words
Her next clue was something she noticed when she was demonstrating drawing to a class, and trying to give a verbal explanation of the methods she was using. She found that she often would 'simply stop talking right in the middle of a sentence. I would hear my voice stop and I would think about getting back to the sentence, but finding the words again would seem like a terrible chore -- and I ...
The subjects believed that for each wrong answer, the learner was receiving actual shocks. In reality, there were no shocks. After the confederate was separated from the subject, the confederate set up a tape recorder integrated with the electro-shock generator, which played pre-recorded sounds for each shock level. After a number of voltage level increases, the actor started to bang on the wall that separated him from the subject.
After several times banging on the wall and complaining about his heart condition, all responses by the learner would cease. At this point, many people indicated their desire to stop the experiment and check on the learner. Some test subjects paused at 135 volts and began to question the purpose of the experiment. Most continued after being assured that they would not be held responsible. A few subjects began to laugh nervously or exhibit other signs of extreme stress once they heard the screams of pain coming from the learner.
The Asch experiment. It was a conformity experiment. Solomon Asch showed two cards one with one line and the second with three lines. One of the lines on the second card was the exact line that was one the first card. He asked everyone which line form the second card was the exact line from the first line. He picked certain people who knew about the experiment to lie and say the wrong answer.
There were two ways they answered. One was by voting out loud. The other was by a secret vote on paper. 75% of the people gave the wrong answer at least once while 25% never gave the wrong answer. THis experiment proves that a lot of people give into comformity. Zimbo’s Prison experiment. The experiment was conducted in the basement of Jordan Hall (Stanford’s psychology building).
Twelve of the twenty-four participants were assigned the role of prisoner (nine plus three alternates), while the other twelve were assigned the role of guard (also nine plus three alternates).
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... and abusive within the prison, insulting and bullying the prisoners.' After the experiment was finished, many of the mock guards said that they enjoyed ... Milgram years earlier and put them to the test. They subjects obviously failed because all of them showed that, 'it is ... includes a parable entitled 'Rot at the Top.' The last line in the parable just goes to prove my point, 'Power ...
Zimbardo took on the role of the superintendent, and an undergraduate research assistant the role of the warden. Zimbardo designed the experiment in order to induce disorientation, depersonalization and deindividualization in the participants.
The researchers held an orientation session for guards the day before the experiment, during which they instructed them not to physically harm the prisoners. In the footage of the study, Zimbardo can be seen talking to the guards: “You can create in the prisoners feelings of boredom, a sense of fear to some degree, you can create a notion of arbitrariness that their life is totally controlled by us, by the system, you, me, and they’ll have no privacy…
We’re going to take away their individuality in various ways. In general what all this leads to is a sense of powerlessness. That is, in this situation we’ll have all the power and they’ll have none.The researchers provided the guards with wooden batons in order to establish their status, clothing similar to that of an actual prison guard (khaki shirt and pants from a local military surplus store), and mirrored sunglasses to prevent eye contact.
Prisoners wore uncomfortable ill-fitting smocks and stocking caps, as well as a chain around one ankle. Guards were instructed to call prisoners by their assigned numbers, sewn on their uniforms, instead of by name.The prisoners were arrested at their homes and charged with armed robbery.
The local Palo Alto police department assisted Zimbardo with the arrests and conducted full booking procedures on the prisoners, which included fingerprinting and taking mug shots. They were transported to the mock prison from the police station, where they were strip searched and given their new identities.
The small mock prison cells were set up to hold three prisoners each. There was a small space for the prison yard, solitary confinement, and a bigger room across from the prisoners for the guards and warden. The prisoners were to stay in their cells all day and night until the end of the study. The guards worked in teams of three for eight-hour shifts. The guards did not have to stay on site after their shift. It was supposed to go for 14 days but stopped at 6 days because it got out of control.
The Term Paper on Psychological effects of Zimbardo Prison Experiment
... the guards and the other group would be prisoners. Zimbardo and other researchers called upon help of others to simulate a prison environment ... In a matter of a couple of days, the guards became sadistic and the prisoners became very stressed. This shocking study about ... they no longer perceived imprisonment as an experiment.By the fifth day, guards began to do their job more easily. The researchers ...
